Global vulnerability to drought in territories of three municipalities of the department of Matagalpa, Nicaragua

Abstract

Rural development has been driven by partial analyzes by specialists, which has led to incomplete strategies that are evident in academic research. The objective of this research is to examine the current state of global vulnerability angles in three municipalities of the Matagalpa department, using the perspective of complex systems theory. A total of 375 surveys were conducted using the global vulnerability tool. The research was conducted in the El Zapote community of the San Dionisio municipality, in El Trentino of the San Ramón municipality, and in Guadalupe, El Chile, Samulali, and Ocalca of the Matagalpa municipality. The participants were randomly selected. Surveys were conducted using KoboToolBox software 2024, and the results were analyzed with Microsoft Excel 2018. The analysis concludes that the average score for global vulnerability is 2.93 points, derived from natural vulnerability, physical vulnerability, economic vulnerability, social vulnerability, political empowerment vulnerability, technical vulnerability, ideological vulnerability, cultural vulnerability, educational vulnerability, ecological vulnerability, institutional vulnerability. By using this approach, the local reality can be better understood, allowing for a comprehensive interpretation of the data rather than relying on fragmented analyses. The global vulnerability angles analysis in the municipalities of San Dionisio, San Ramón and Matagalpa is a contribution from the complex systems theory that allows understanding the reality of their communities from a cut of reality, with complementary and antagonistic elements and territorial approach.