Revista Científica Apuntes de Economía y Sociedad Vol. N.º 2 (2) julio-diciembre 2021/ 37-46 ISSN: 2709 - 7005
STUDY OF TOURISM EMPOWERMENT IN THE REGION EL CHAGÜE WITH A
GENDER PERSPECTIVE
ESTUDIO DEL EMPODERAMIENTO TURÍSTICO DE LA COMARCA EL
CHAGUE CON ENFOQUE DE GÉNERO
Resumen
El turismo ha alcanzado una amplia difusión en todo el mundo,
por lo que recientemente ha atraído a muchos países en
desarrollo a este mercado. Las áreas rurales también se han
sumado a este proceso, donde las comunidades locales
comparten sus entornos naturales con los turistas que buscan
experiencias inmersivas en la vida silvestre y la naturaleza.
Dentro de las áreas rurales, el turismo comunitario permite a la
población local mantener un control sustancial sobre el proceso.
Asimismo, la sostenibilidad de los proyectos se basa en la
capacidad de las experiencias rurales para limitar los impactos
de las actividades turísticas, asegurar la participación central y
el involucramiento de las comunidades rurales, posibilitando la
cooperación entre las autoridades públicas y los actores locales,
enfocándose en la preservación de los ecosistemas y en el
empoderamiento social de colectivos débiles, por ejemplo
mejorar el rol social, las oportunidades de vida y la autoestima
de las mujeres rurales. Asimismo, el presente trabajo investiga
los emprendimientos exitosos que pueden tener las mujeres
rurales de la Comarca El Chagüe al aprovechar los recursos que
las rodean. La investigación define un modelo teórico que
vincula la existencia de recursos naturales y sociales en el
espacio natural, con la cooperación pública y privada. Las
actividades emergentes en la planificación y diseño del proceso
de turismo rural dan como resultado el empoderamiento de
colectivos débiles de las comunidades, principalmente mujeres,
obteniendo claros beneficios del turismo para la región y
mejorando las condiciones de vida locales, convirtiéndose en
una dimensión verdaderamente sostenible de todo el proceso.
Finalmente, los beneficios incluyen la reproducción de la
identidad comunitaria, la preservación de los recursos sociales,
culturales y naturales de las comunidades rurales en áreas
naturales, la limitación de los impactos del turismo en los
entornos locales y naturales y un control sustancial sobre el
proceso de desarrollo.
Palabras claves:
comunidad rural, mujer rural, desarrollo
turístico, líder rural.
Abstract
Tourism has reached a wide diffusion around the world, so it has
recently brought many developing countries into this market.
Rural areas have also joined this process, where local
communities share their natural environments with tourists
seeking immersive wildlife and nature experiences. In rural areas,
community-based tourism allows local people to maintain
substantial control over the process. Also, the sustainability of
projects is based on the capacity of rural experiences to limit the
impacts of tourism activities, ensure central participation and
involvement of rural communities, enabling cooperation between
public authorities and local stakeholders, focusing on the
preservation of ecosystems and on the social empowerment of
weak collectives, for example improving the social role, life
opportunities and self-esteem of rural women. The present article
studies the successful entrepreneurial businesses that rural women
of the region El Chagüe can have by taking advantage of the
resources that surround them. The research defines a theoretical
model that links the existence of natural and social resources in
the natural space, with public and private cooperation. Emerging
activities in the planning and design of the rural tourism process
result in the empowerment of weak collectives in the
communities, mainly women, obtaining clear benefits from
tourism for the region and improving local living conditions,
becoming a truly sustainable dimension to the whole process.
Finally, the benefits include the reproduction of community
identity, the preservation of social, cultural and natural resources
of rural communities in natural areas, the limitation of tourism
impacts on local and natural environments, and substantial control
over the development process.
Keywords: rural community, rural women, tourism
development, rural leader.
Martínez-Salgado, Oscar1*; Chávez Esquivel, Verónica2*;
Baca Herrera, Ingry3*; Varela Pérez, Elsira4*
*Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, León, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales,
1Email: oscar.martinez@ce.unanleon.edu.ni, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4748-2698
2Email: veronica.chavez@ce.unanleon.edu.ni, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4748-2698
3Email: ingry.baca@ce.unanleon.edu.ni, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0867-7211
4Email: elsira68@gmail.com, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6952-0317
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5377/aes.v2i2.13088
Recibido 05/11/21 – Aceptado 21/11/21
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Autor por correspondencia: oscar.martinez@ce.unanleon.edu.ni (Martínez-Salgado, Oscar)
Forma sugerida de citación: Martínez-Salgado, O., Chávez, E., Baca. I. y Varela, E. (2021). “Estudio del empoderamiento turísticos
de la Comarca El Chagüe con enfoque de género”. Apuntes de Economía y Sociedad, UNAN - León, Vol. N.º 2 (2) (Julio-diciembre
2021). pp. 37-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5377/aes.v2i2.13088
Copyright © Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales.
Conflicto de intereses: Los autores han declarado que no existe ningún conflicto de interés.
Revista Científica Apuntes de Economía y Sociedad Vol. N.º 2 (2) julio-diciembre 2021/ 37-46 ISSN: 2709 - 7005
I- Introduction
Community-based tourism is a form of tourism in which the local community actively participates in this activity, which
generates wealth for rural areas in developing countries, and in which the participation of the rural community is fundamental
for local management, so that the benefits obtained are passed on to the community members. Also, with this type of activity
it is possible to promote integral development in these communities by trying as much as possible to reduce poverty through
the generation of employment and the collection of complementary income, as well as to avoid the migration of the community
members abroad (Inostroza, G. 2009). On the other hand, with this modality, it offers the opportunity to create small labor-
intensive tourism businesses and employs a greater number of women than in other sectors (World Tourism Organization,
2003), without forgetting that the local community is the main part of the tourism product (López-Guzmán, T. and Sánchez
Cañizares, S. M., 2009). Likewise, community-based tourism generates important benefits to rural areas of underdeveloped
countries, since, first of all, it has a direct impact on the families of the local population, on the socio-economic development
of the region and on the lifestyle ( Manyara and Jones, 2007); secondly, it allows responsible tourism that improves, in addition
to the quality of life in rural areas, the natural and cultural resources of the destination places (WWF International, 2001) and,
lastly, it is a way to eradicate poverty.
Therefore, community-based tourism has as its main axis the integration of experiences, lodging and restaurant services,
complementary offer and tourism management, but adding a fundamental characteristic of being also a subsystem
interconnected with other subsystems (such as education, health or the environment), presenting a sustainable development
project created in the community and serving as an interrelationship between the local community and visitors (Cioce et al.,
2007).
Finally, the research seeks that, through rural community-based tourism, the women of the region El Chagüe can identify the
natural and cultural resources as well as other activities that they develop on a daily basis and be empowered with the creation
of small tourism businesses in their region of origin.
II- Literature review
Rural women in Nicaragua face persistent structural constraints that prevent them from accessing the full development of their
human rights. However, these women play a vital role in supporting their families and communities to generate income and
improve their living conditions and overall well-being.
Nicaragua has a population of more than 6,036,000 people, with a majority female population of 3,055,000, representing 50.6%
of the total. In addition, urban women represent 52.5% of the total population, while 48.6% are in rural areas (Dianova, 2006).
In the country women represent most of the population, development opportunities are directed more to the male sector so there
is a higher prevalence of discriminatory gender systems; It is known that rural women between the ages of 15 to 19 start
families, the majority in this age period have had an average of 2-4 children and one in three women has suffered psychological,
physical or sexual violence (Dianova, 2006).
Although women live in the countryside, this does not ensure their exclusive dedication to agricultural production or being
submissive under the shadow of a man. According to Martínez (1999), to make a change with a gender perspective,
empowerment is a development strategy that leads to processes for acquiring power on the part of vulnerable populations.
Rural women also play an important role in a country's economy, both in terms of their participation in the labor market and
their contribution to productivity, both of which drive economic growth and increase GDP. In this sense, authors Peña and
Uribe (2013) suggest that "rural women are a potential catalyst for poverty reduction as well as economic and social
development". Indeed, the programs implemented by several countries to benefit the working conditions of rural women have
led to an increase in their productivity, and this in turn has had a positive effect on the GDP of these countries (Botello and
Guerrero, 2017).
The equal incorporation of women into the labor market should be a priority to ensure the economic and sustainable
development of the rural sector, identifying their productive role is valuable for building development mechanisms so that
women can be truly effective (Gordillo, 2015).
38
Revista Científica Apuntes de Economía y Sociedad Vol. N.º 2 (2) julio-diciembre 2021/ 37-46 ISSN: 2709 - 7005
The gaps between rural men and women are a problem that involves most Latin American and Caribbean countries. In the
region, approximately 50% of the total rural people are women, and of this population there is a significant proportion that
makes the decision to migrate from their homes due to situations of poverty and violence. The quality of life of rural women is
affected by work overload, lack of economic autonomy, the scarcity and lack of stability of the jobs they perform, as well as
the low coverage of social protection systems. Similarly, rural women in the region are the main ones affected by the little
importance given to the care economy and the number of hours dedicated to unpaid work (Peña and Uribe, 2013). The author
Solari (2003) mentions that rural development is the set of results that are manifested in the improvement of the standard of
living and quality of life of the inhabitants of a locality as a result of generating sustainable growth at various levels, which are
strategically linked, concatenated, implied and complementary.
On the other hand, sociologist Días (2003) has shared the idea of emphasizing the importance of the participation of local
stakeholders so that tourism activity can generate benefits for the community and promote sustainable local development.
However, the author emphasizes that the main difficulty in achieving local development through tourism is the lack of
objectives and commitment on the part of the public administration.
III- Methodology
The type of research is descriptive and field research, since it describes the role of women in the region El Chagüe, its
implications for tourism development; likewise, data are collected in the place where the study phenomenon occurs. The non-
experimental and cross-sectional design is used since the study variable is not manipulated and it is carried out during the
determined period from April to November 2021. According to the approach it is quantitative since a numerical statistical
context is analyzed to know more efficient results about the region El Chagüe.
The population under study corresponds to 412 houses of the region El Chagüe and for the selection of the sample a simple
random probability sampling is used, being conformed by 121 community members.
The main objective of the research is to evaluate tourism empowerment with a gender perspective as a socioeconomic
development strategy in the region El Chagüe, León-Nicaragua. A questionnaire was used for this study context, consisting of
3 blocks, with questions measured on a Likert scale 1-5 (1 not at all and 5 very much). However, the author Dávila (quoted in
Galtung, 1965), states that measurement is a process of classification of units of analysis according to some chosen
characteristic (2009, p.82); while the authors Carmines and Zeller (1979), define it as a process of linking abstract concepts
with empirical indicators, a process that involves prior planning of operations, both of classification and quantification.
Likewise, the questionnaire is structured in three sections: basic conditions that the region El Chagüe has for the development
of rural tourism, the role of rural women in the region El Chagüe, and the creation of tourism enterprises in the region.
On the other hand, once the measurement instruments were applied, the results of the surveys were obtained and processed
with the Statistical Computer Program SPSS, version 22; Also, a map was designed for the El Chagüe District using the Qgis
Program and Adove Photoshot.
IV- Results
Description of the geographical area
The region El Chagüe was founded in 2001, it is considered a rural area since it is located 10 kilometers south of the
municipality of León and has a territorial extension of 40 square kilometers. It is bordered to the north by Talchocote Eugenio
Pérez, to the south by Salinas Grandes and the Juan Venado Island Nature Reserve, to the east by Trapichito La Leona and to
the west by the indigenous neighborhood of Sutiaba. Also, the topology of the area is flat with slopes to the northwest that vary
between 8% and 30% at an altitude of 40 masl to maximum elevations of 250-300 masl. The region is located in the sub-region
of the Tamarindo of the coastal province of Pacific, which is why there are small plateaus, hills and mountains.
El Chagüe has a population of approximately 836 inhabitants and 412 houses, the latter are divided into small villages and
farms that generally work in raising livestock, agriculture, and poultry.
Revista Científica Apuntes de Economía y Sociedad Vol. N.º 2 (2) julio-diciembre 2021/ 37-46 ISSN: 2709 - 7005
Currently, the El Chagüe region has not developed tourism due to a lack of organization, use and training for community
members; however, there is significant potential for the development of rural community-based tourism.
Figure 1: Map with representation of the tourist circuit, the region El Chagüe
Source: Own elaboration.
Descriptive data generated from the study
According to the data collected, it is shown that 64.5% of the community members in the study are women and 35.5% men,
which indicates that most of the population are adult women. Likewise, with regard to age, on average the members of the
community are 43 years old, with 18 years being the minimum age and 86 years the maximum age, all this indicates that they
are people who can pass on the knowledge and teach new generation sustainability to the development of Rural Community
Tourism in the El Chagüe region.
Revista Científica Apuntes de Economía y Sociedad Vol. N.º 2 (2) julio-diciembre 2021/ 37-46 ISSN: 2709 - 7005
Table 1
Sex and age
Source: Primary.
According to table 2, 45.5% represents the level of primary school, 26.4% secondary and 11.6% illiterate; however, in the
study of the project, people with a low educational level are encouraged to participate in training processes, where they
subsequently become interested in education programs.
Also, evaluating the community's position as a member of the region, 61.2% are housewives, 10.7% are farmers and 9.1% are
workers, farm keepers and jewelers, which shows that women are the starting point for the socio-economic development of the
El Chagüe region, through tourism businesses without neglecting the family. On the other hand, it is observed that 86.8% do
not have studies or training in tourism, which requires strengthening efforts in education since the people of the region are
interested in topics such as languages (53.7%), hygiene and food safety (51.2%) and food preparation (47.1%).
Table 2
Level of education, position as a member of the region and study in tourism
n =121
%
Level of education
Uneducated
14
11.6
Literate
2
1.7
Elementary school
55
45.5
High school
32
26.4
Technical
1
.8
University
12
9.9
Professional
5
4.1
Position as a member of the region
Farmer
7
5.8
Housewife
74
61.2
Transporter
2
1.7
Professor
5
4.1
Student
2
1.7
n=121
%
Sex
Female
78
64.5
Male
43
35.5
Age
Average age
42.64 years
Mode
25 years
Standard deviation
15.561
Minimum age
18 years
Maximum age
86 years
Age range
18 years-25 years
16
13.2
26 years-33 years
25
20.7
34 Years-41 years
23
19.0
42 years-50 years
20
16.5
51 years or more
37
30.6
Revista Científica Apuntes de Economía y Sociedad Vol. N.º 2 (2) julio-diciembre 2021/ 37-46 ISSN: 2709 - 7005
Rancher
7
5.8
Other
11
9.1
Study in tourism
yes
16
13.2
No
105
86.8
Source: Primary.
Table 3 shows that 62.8% of the community members consider that the tours of the Isla Juan Venado Nature Reserve are of
great interest for the development of rural community tourism in the region; Likewise, 62.0% of people consider milking cows
and / or goats, and 59.5% horseback riding and touring productive farms in rural areas.
Table 3
Activities that the community considers developing rural tourism in the El Chagüe region
Nothing
little
Regular
A lot
Much
Chi2
Sig.
asymptotic
Horseback riding through the region
3
4
14
28
72
134.744a
.000
2.5%
3.3%
11.6%
23.1%
59.5%
Productive farms tours
3
4
17
25
72
132.017a
.000
2.5%
3.3%
14.0%
20.7%
59.5%
Tours of natural resources and
viewpoints
3
5
18
25
70
122.099a
.000
2.5%
4.1%
14.9%
20.7%
57.9%
Camps and bonfires
4
3
26
21
67
111.686a
.000
3.3%
2.5%
21.5%
17.4%
55.4%
Milking cows and / or goats
3
4
18
21
75
144.083a
.000
2.5%
3.3%
14.9%
17.4%
62.0%
Rural gastronomy workshops
7
12
26
21
55
58.132a
.000
5.8%
9.9%
21.5%
17.4%
45.5%
Sale of local products
7
4
25
19
66
102.430a
.000
5.8%
3.3%
20.7%
15.7%
54.5%
Participation in field tasks
5
6
18
25
67
106.231a
.000
4.1%
5.0%
14.9%
20.7%
55.4%
Participation in cultural activities
8
9
25
27
52
52.678a
.000
6.6%
7.4%
20.7%
22.3%
43.0%
Bird watching
3
8
18
23
69
114.000a
.000
2.5%
6.6%
14.9%
19.0%
57.0%
Juan Venado Island tours
5
1
12
27
76
154.826a
.000
4.1%
0.8%
9.9%
22.3%
62.8%
Source: Primary.
Tourism, as well as other economic development activities, brings benefits, this is the reason why 76.9% of the community
members of the El Chagüe Region consider the increase in income through tourist activity to be very beneficial, 74.4% improve
road infrastructure, and 73.6% improve housing, generate employment, and lower the poverty rate in the region.
38
Revista Científica Apuntes de Economía y Sociedad Vol. N.º 2 (2) julio-diciembre 2021/ 37-46 ISSN: 2709 - 7005
Table 4
Benefits that the development of rural tourism in the region El Chagüe will generate
Nothing
little
Regular
A lot
Much
Chi2
Sig.
asymptotic
Greater source of income for the
region
1
5
6
16
93
249.537a
.000
0.8%
4.1%
5.0%
13.2%
76.9%
Job creation
1
4
5
22
89
228.050a
.000
0.8%
3.3%
4.1%
18.2%
73.6%
Improvement of road infrastructure
1
2
4
24
90
238.380a
.000
0.8%
1.7%
3.3%
19.8%
74.4%
Home improvement
1
1
7
23
89
230.281a
.000
0.8%
0.8%
5.8%
19.0%
73.6%
Improve access to basic services
2
1
7
26
85
207.719a
.000
1.7%
0.8%
5.8%
21.5%
70.2%
Appreciation of local culture
1
2
9
27
82
190.529a
.000
0.8%
1.7%
7.4%
22.3%
67.8%
Improvement in community
building
1
1
10
22
87
215.983a
.000
0.8%
0.8%
8.3%
18.2%
71.9%
Greater participation of women in
economic diversification
1
1
6
27
86
216.314a
.000
0.8%
0.8%
5.0%
22.3%
71.1%
Care and protection of natural
resources
1
2
6
24
88
224.496a
.000
0.8%
1.7%
5.0%
19.8%
72.7%
Avoid migration
1
1
6
25
88
226.397a
.000
0.8%
0.8%
5.0%
20.7%
72.7%
Interest in educational training
1
1
7
24
88
224.909a
.000
0.8%
0.8%
5.8%
19.8%
72.7%
Lower poverty rate
1
1
12
18
89
225.736a
.000
0.8%
0.8%
9.9%
14.9%
73.6%
Better functioning and coordination
of the local administration of the
region
2
3
13
22
81
177.636a
.000
1.7%
2.5%
10.7%
18.2%
66.9%
Source: Primary.
Relationships between variables
From Table 5 the following results are obtained: In the case of female, 67.90% consider on a large scale that women in decision-
making are a necessary element for gender equality in the region El Chagüe, municipality of León , while in the variables,
shared responsibility in housework or jobs, both women with 65.40% and men with 65.10% coincide a lot with the scale, in
the same way with the variable inclusion of values such as respect, work in team, honesty and empathy for which the woman
corresponds to 60.30% and the man to 60.50%, all this makes the elements are determining factors for the region under study
to have mutual communication and perform tasks together, avoiding conflicts that prevent the rural tourism development of
the region El Chagüe.
Revista Científica Apuntes de Economía y Sociedad Vol. N.º 2 (2) julio-diciembre 2021/ 37-46 ISSN: 2709 - 7005
Table 5
Relationship, sex and elements that are considered fundamental for the existence of gender equality in the region El
Chagüe.
Sex
Femenine
Masculine
Nothing
little
Regular
A lot
Much
Nothing
litle
Regular
A lot
Much
p
value
Shared responsibility for
housework or jobs.
0
5
8
14
51
1
0
8
6
28
.000
0.0%
6.4%
10.3%
17.9%
65.4%
2.3%
0.0%
18.6%
14.0%
65.1%
Teaching about the
importance of sharing
tasks, regardless of gender.
0
4
12
15
47
1
1
8
10
23
.000
0.0%
5.1%
15.4%
19.2%
60.3%
2.3%
2.3%
18.6%
23.3%
53.5%
Inclusion of values such as
respect, teamwork,
honesty and empathy
0
3
10
18
47
1
3
4
9
26
.000
0.0%
3.8%
12.8%
23.1%
60.3%
2.3%
7.0%
9.3%
20.9%
60.5%
Empowerment of women
in economic and social
processes
1
3
5
18
51
1
0
9
11
22
.000
1.3%
3.8%
6.4%
23.1%
65.4%
2.3%
0.0%
20.9%
25.6%
51.2%
Equal opportunity
0
3
7
18
50
1
0
8
8
26
.000
0.0%
3.8%
9.0%
23.1%
64.1%
2.3%
0.0%
18.6%
18.6%
60.5%
Greater opportunity to
achieve financial credits
2
5
7
19
45
1
0
6
12
24
.000
2.6%
6.4%
9.0%
24.4%
57.7%
2.3%
0.0%
14.0%
27.9%
55.8%
Women in decision-
making
0
1
5
19
53
1
0
8
11
23
.000
0.0%
1.3%
6.4%
24.4%
67.9%
2.3%
0.0%
18.6%
25.6%
53.5%
Source: Primary
According to Table 6, 64.0% of the community members surveyed said that the family has experience in community and
domestic tasks, as well as in the organization and responsibility of tasks; on the other hand, 57.7% mentioned that the family
has experience in crops and livestock; also, residents consider that the region is an area with the potential to develop rural
tourism with all the skills and abilities that each of the family members have.
Otherwise, the people who apply the measurement instrument consider that the region does not have services, infrastructure,
attractions and tourism training to adequately manage activities in the rural area; therefore, it is necessary to train them in areas
that present weaknesses with respect to the nothing scale, such as in the variables of skill and dexterity in art with 60.0%,
leadership and personnel management 30.0%, management and financial accounting management 40.0%.
44
Revista Científica Apuntes de Economía y Sociedad Vol. N.º 2 (2) julio-diciembre 2021/ 37-46 ISSN: 2709 - 7005
Table 6
Relationship between the tourism potential of the El Chagüe region and the community's abilities to develop rural
tourism
Do you consider that the region El Chagüe has the potential to develop rural tourism?
yes
No
Nothing
little
Regular
A lot
Much
Nothing
little
Regular
A lot
Much
p
value
Experience in
community and
homework
9
11
8
12
71
1
0
0
3
6
.000
8.1%
9.9%
7.2%
10.8%
64.0%
10.0%
0.0%
0.0%
30.0%
60.0%
Organization and
responsibility in tasks
7
9
10
14
71
1
0
1
2
6
.000
6.3%
8.1%
9.0%
12.6%
64.0%
10.0%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
60.0%
Skill and dexterity in
food preparation and
sale
9
9
19
19
55
1
0
3
2
4
.000
8.1%
8.1%
17.1%
17.1%
49.5%
10.0%
0.0%
30.0%
20.0%
40.0%
Skill and dexterity in
art
42
16
21
15
17
6
2
1
0
1
.000
37.8%
14.4%
18.9%
13.5%
15.3%
60.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
10.0%
Leadership and
personnel management
12
8
20
17
54
3
1
3
1
2
.000
10.8%
7.2%
18.0%
15.3%
48.6%
30.0%
10.0%
30.0%
10.0%
20.0%
Management and
handling of financial
accounting
16
12
24
18
41
4
2
1
1
2
.000
14.4%
10.8%
21.6%
16.2%
36.9%
40.0%
20.0%
10.0%
10.0%
20.0%
Experience in crops
and livestock
12
6
17
12
64
2
1
2
2
3
.000
10.8%
5.4%
15.3%
10.8%
57.7%
20.0%
10.0%
20.0%
20.0%
30.0%
Ease of
communication
8
8
16
21
58
2
1
1
3
3
.000
7.2%
7.2%
14.4%
18.9%
52.3%
20.0%
10.0%
10.0%
30.0%
30.0%
Source: Primary
V- Conclusion
Rural community-based tourism in Latin America is a modality that has also been making a strong appearance in Nicaragua in
recent years; however, both the public and private sectors must implement actions to develop activities in rural areas of the
country. Likewise, the region El Chagüe has tourism potential that can be worked through tourism ventures taking advantage
of the resources, attractions, and skills that the people of the region have, positioning women in decision making, economic
and social processes and employment opportunities. Therefore, a management model for tourism activity in which rural
populations, organized collectively in different ways, have a greater role and control over the design, organization,
development, management, and distribution of the benefits of tourism activity (Cañada, 2013).
The strengths and weaknesses of the territory are also known to implement rural community tourism initiatives and increase
economic income, improve housing and road infrastructure, prevent emigration, and care for and protect natural resources,
without forgetting the traditional activities that prevail in the study area. The study reflects that women are focused on being
housewives, promoters of the educational system, managing household finances, which allows them to be managers of their
households and to be part of the decisions that are made in the region.
For a better location of the resources, a map is made containing a tourist circuit, which highlights the services and attractions
that are in the region El Chagüe, as well as to facilitate the recognition of these for the inhabitants.
Finally, in the region El Chagüe there are elements necessary to promote economic, social and environmental development,
and the inhabitants are also willing to participate in the project, but not before proposing a series of topics for training to
promote better growth of the rural tourism product.
.
Revista Científica Apuntes de Economía y Sociedad Vol. N.º 2 (2) julio-diciembre 2021/ 37-46 ISSN: 2709 - 7005
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