Genetic diversity in 105 cocoa accessions (Theobroma cacao L.) colected in nicaragua, using 10 molecular markers type SSR

Abstract

A molecular characterization of 105 accessions of cacao (79 nationals, 21 hybrids and 5 creoles) plant was conducted using 10 (SSR) molecular markers. Seventy-nine accessions collected around the country were comprised into 8 groups according to geographic site (Rio San Juan, Creoles reference, hybrids reference, Carazo, Rivas, Matagalpa, Jinotega, RAAS). Twenty-one hybrids and 5 creoles samples were using as reference materials. A total of 183 alleles were identified in 105 accessions with a mean of 18.3. The observed and expected heterosigocity were higher with 0.437 and 0.81 MTc- CIR12, respectively. The means of PIC and Shannon index were 0.87 and 1.37 respectively. The analysis of variance revealed high difference within group (85%) and low differences among groups (15%). The PCA was found collected materials that were genetically similar to creoles references, in the case of RSJ 0211, RSJ 0311, RSJ 0511, Bomat0510, Ji0210, Ji-Cua materials RSJ0411 0104 and are closely related. It was shown that a high genetic diversity and that are promising materials for future breeding studies.