Alternatives of management against complex whitefly (Bemisia tabaci gennadius)-geminivirus in tomato [Solanum lycopersicum L. = (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)] in Tisma, Masaya (2009) and Camoapa, Boaco (2010)

Abstract

Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and geminiviruses, are a serious problem for tomato growers in Nicaragua, this complex affects crop yields dramatically. Different technologies have been reported as a solution to the problem, such as using microinvernadero in seedling stage, use of synthetic insecticides and cultural practices in the field stage, however, the problem still persists pest. In order to identify alternatives that reduce the damage to the environment and economically viable, established the research that compared the effect of botanical and chemical alternatives on adult populations B. tabaci, virus incidence rate, severity rate of virus yields and economic analysis. The trial was conducted in two environments, one in Tisma (Masaya) in the period from October to December 2009 and the other in Camoapa (Boaco) in the months of April to June 2010. The design was a randomized complete block (BCA) in both locations, the treatments were: Actara 25 WG (Thiametoxam) 24.7 ENGEO SC (Thiametoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin), macerated black tree leaves (Gliricidia sepium ) + vegetable oil liquid soap, pepper (Capsicum sp) + garlic (Allium sativum) + soap and a witness. The results were as follows: ENGEO treatments, vegetable oil and liquid soap + tree leaves black lowest recorded averages of whiteflies per plant both as Camoapa Tisma. The lowest percentages of virus incidence and severity of the damage percentage of virus were ENGEO, vegetable oil and liquid soap + black tree. The best yields were recorded with averages ENGEO 26581-18953 kg ha-1 and black tree leaves with averages 25,277 to 18,107 kg ha-1 in Tisma (2009) and Camoapa (2010) respectively. The economic analysis showed that ENGEO presented a TRM of 457% in Tisma (2009) and 696% in Camoapa (2010).

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/calera.v12i18.1121

Revista Científica Vol. 12. Nº 18, p. 18-28 / junio 2012