Socioeconomic and phytosanitary characterization of 25 coffee production systems (Coffea arabica L.) in three municipalities of Matagalpa, 2020

Abstract

Coffee production in Nicaragua is found in small, medium and large producers, mostly from the north central and northwestern region of the country. The objective of this research was to characterize coffee systems from the socioeconomic, agronomic (phytosanitary) and wet processing (harvest management) perspective by conducting a survey of coffee growers. Based on the results, data analysis was performed. The results obtained were the following; 84 % of coffee growers are male, their ages are between 30 and 79 years old, with those between 40 and 49 being the most represented (36 %). 96 % of the producers own the land. Catimor (hybrid of timor x caturra) is the most widely used variety. The main pests that affect are phytoparasitic nematodes (Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne), blind fowl (Phyllophaga spp.) And coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei), diseases caused by fungi, rooster's eye (Mycena citricolor), rust (Hemileia vastatrix) and lint mold (Pellicularia koleroga), the weeds most reported by producers, Ventanilla (Monstera adansoni) and Zacate star (Cynodon dactylon). The most used control method for insect pests, nematodes, fungal diseases and weeds, are synthetic. Most of the producers do not analyze the coffee before and after wet processing, nor do they clean their means of transport when transferring the coffee to collection centers.