Sociodemographic and environmental determinants associated with household infestation by Aedes aegypti in the Nuevo Amanecer neighborhood, San Sebastián de Yalí, Jinotega, Nicaragua, 2022

Abstract

Dengue is a viral infectious disease transmitted by the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, caused by any of the four known serotypes of the virus and conditioned by climatic and social factors. The objective of this research was to analyze the sociodemographic and environmental determinants that favor household infestation by Aedes aegypti in the Nuevo Amanecer neighborhood of the municipality of San Sebastián de Yalí-Jinotega, second semester of the year 2022. It is a cross-sectional analytical study, with a sample of 126 houses.  A structured form was used for data collection, as well as the FA2 format (home inspection, elimination of breeding sites and beteization). The results were processed and analyzed using SPSS statistical software. In the univariate analysis, the qualitative variables were described and presented in frequencies. As for the results, out of a total of 126 homes visited and inspected, 16 were positive (12.6%). Of the total number of homes inspected,14 stored water for four days or more; of these, 12 homes (85.7%) were positive for Aedes aegypti and 2 were negative. There was a statistically significant relationship between the time of water storage and the positivity of the housing. It was also evident that the infestation index increased to 16.6, which coincides with the increase in rainfall to 215 mm.  The factors described above, as well as the presence of solid waste and inadequate knowledge about the duration of BTI larvicide are the main determinants associated with Aedes aegypti positivity in housing. This research showed that home infestation by Aedes aegypti in the homes of the Nuevo Amanecer neighborhood is conditioned not only by social determinants but also by environmental, educational, attitudes and practices on the part of the population.