Systemic reactions caused by the toxicity of Diclofenac

Abstract

Diclofenac is a widely used drug because its easy access in every country. It is a derivati- ve from phenylacetic with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties due to its mechanism of action: inhibition of the enzymes cyclooxygenase with a medium selectivity towards cyclooxygenase 2. It ́s main indication is for mild to moderate pain. The time of use of diclofenac will depend on the reason for its use, therefore it should be noted that the side effects are closely related to the time of use and idiosyncrasy of each person. This drug has very notable conse- quences within the gastrointestinal, hemato- logical, hepatic, cardiac, renal, central nervous system and skin. The prescribed use of diclofenac, 3- 5 days, is related to the induction of dyspepsia, esophagitis, nausea, vomiting, headaches and hypercoagulability, while the chronic use, around 90 days; it also can induce the development of hypertension, strokes and even acute myocardial infarc- tion, fulminant hepatitis, gastric hemorrhages, peptic ulcers, acute renal failure, among others. Steven-Johnson Syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, both being reactions of hypersensitivity related with the time of use of this drug. Other effects of diclofenac includesthe block of sodium, calcium and potas- sium voltage dependent channels, mechanism by which causes analgesia without the inhibition of prostaglandins.

Keywords

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac, drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions