Epidemiological characterization of asthma in children at the Isabel Lizano school, Chinandega, Nicaragua 2023

Abstract

Asthma is a common chronic disease in childhood and adolescence, with geographic and age variations. It causes repeated infections and requires greater attention in children due to repeated hospitalizations. This non-communicable disease has a high prevalence and associated respiratory complications in children aged 3 to 11 years. The study aimed to determine the frequency of asthma in children attending Isabel Lizano School, as well as to identify risk factors in the study population and describe the geographical location of positive asthma cases. Methodology: A quantitative study with a descriptive scope. Surveys of 120 children participating in the study were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used, and ethical aspects were taken into consideration. Results: The prevalence of asthma occurs in 20 children from the Isabel Lizano school. These were distributed by age groups, with children between 3 and 8 years of age and females being more affected and predisposed. The most relevant factors that allow the disease to be triggered were use of a fan or air conditioning, smoking in the family, and a history of respiratory diseases. The georeferencing of cases allowed us to know how asthma cases were distributed. Conclusions: A prevalence was obtained in 20 of the 120 participating children distributed by sex and age. There was risk factors involved in the onset of the disease. The georeferencing of cases allowed us to know the gradual distribution of asthma cases.