Risk Factors Associated with in the Pediatric Patients Undergoing to Central Venous Catheterization (CVC)

Abstract

Objetive.- To identify the risk factors associated with sepsis in pediatric patients undergoing Central Venous Catheterism (CVC).
Material and Methods.- Prospective study that included 54 pediatric patients older than 28 days, admitted and undergoing Central Venous Catheterization at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and Emergency Room at the Hospital School in the period from July 2012 to June 2013.
Results.- The female sex was more frequent in a ratio of 2.2: 1.0, the mean group age was 92.33 months ± 70.7, predominantly >12 years (33.3%; 18/54) and 5-12 years (22.2%; 12/54). The sepsis rate found was 4.5/1000 days (19/54, 35.1%). Carrying out the procedure in the operating room was a protective factor for sepsis risk (p <0.05; OR 6.97, 95% CI: 1.49-35.9), the number of intravenous accesses was higher among those who died (p <0.05); thus they were also associated with nosocomial infection (IN) (p <0.05) with 64.8% of cases (35/54); the greater the number of hours, the greater the risk of mortality (p <0.05) and total hospital stay (p=0.045), and at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) (p <0.05). The mortality rate among patients undergoing CVC was 9.25% (5/54), the mean survival time with CVC was 328.4 hours (± 15.1; 95% CI: 298.7-358.04, Median: 336 hours); and Mean survival in days was 107,572 (± 7.3; 95% CI: 92.2-121.9, Median 120 days). C o m p l i a n c e w i t h a s e p t i c / a n t i s e p t i c requirements during the procedure was protective of sepsis (p<0.05; OR 6.97, 95% CI: 1.49-35.9), with 88.9% (48/54) procedures performed with lack or deficiency of materials.
Conclusion.- Most cases are preventable, with the lack of equipment to perform the procedure under aseptic conditions the most important factor associated with the risk of sepsis/mortality.