Risk profile of deaths from acute myocardial infarction in pre-hospital care: 2017-2019

Abstract

Background: Myocardial infarction is a global health problem. Knowing the risk proile could contribute to planning interventions, especially in primary care. Objective: To describe the risk proile among those who died from myocardial infarction in pre-hospital care in Florida, Cuba between 2017 and 2019. Methods: A retrospective and descriptive study of 53 deaths from myocardial infarction in pre-hospital care, at the district of Florida, Cuba was carried out. The data were obtained from the registry of deaths, medical records, and the verbal autopsy. Results: Deaths predominate among men 67.9% (36), white skin color 35.8% (19), the age group between 60 and 69 years for 30.2% (16). Acute lung edema represented by 37.8% and heart failure 24.3% were the most frequent complications. Most of the patients died at home 35.9% (19) and 22.6% (12) died in private transportation to hospital. Came from urban areas 56.6%. Arterial hypertension 73.6%, smoking 66.0%, and obesity 52.8% were the most frequent modiiable risk factors. The sum of more than 3 coronary risk factors and a longer arrival time at the hospital had a negative inluence on survival. Mortality was signiicantly higher in patients with ST -segment elevation in 74.2%. Discussion: There was a similar behavior to that reviewed in the literature in terms of risk and time to reach the hospital. Prehospital care is the most critical point in the treatment of IAM.