Etiology of cerebrovascular disease in children

Abstract

Cerebrovascular disease in children is a disease with an incidence that is going from 2.5 to 10 for every 100,000 children per year, must however consider it to evaluate a patient with focal neurological deficit of acute presentation since the time in making the diagnosis affects the prognosis of the patient. Unlike adults, in children the etiology of cerebrovascular disease is much more varied making the differential diagnosis sets major challenges. In neonatal age causes also differ with the rest of the pediatric age group. The mortality rate is around 10% of the patients. Of first stroke survivors, the recurrences are around of the 20%, and present sequels with neurologic deficit at around 70%. We present a review of the etiologyc factors and the diagnostic guidelines against different types of cerebrovascular disease: thrombotic, embolism and bleeding. Ischemic disease corresponds to 25 to 70% of the cerebrovascular disease.