Effect of three types of local substrates on the morphological characteristics of Anthurium andraeanum (Anthurium) in the nursery stage with a focus on profitability and marketing

Abstract

The effect of three local substrates on the morphological characteristics of Anthurium andraeanum (Anthurium) in the nursery stage was determined, with a focus on profitability and commercialization. A completely randomized design with repeated measures over time was applied, with three treatments, four replicates, eight monthly measurements, and subsampling. Morphological variables were recorded over eight months, plus an initial measurement. Substrate 2 (soil, rice husks, and mulch; 2:1:1) and Substrate 3 (soil, mahogany fruit shells, and mulch; 2:1:1) significantly improved phytosanitary status by reducing the incidence of leaf spots, compared to Substrate 1 (Control: soil and rice husks; 1:1). Substrate 2 also increased the number of leaves, while Substrate 3 showed the opposite effect. The height and number of flowers were favored by Substrates 1 and 2. No effects of substrate type were observed on leaf size, number of suckers, or survival. The benefit/cost ratio was 1.21, indicating economic viability. Marketing strategies focused on product quality, the use of digital channels, and customer loyalty. It is concluded that the choice of substrate has a differential influence on the growth and development of Anthurium. Substrate 2 is recommended for its positive effect on leaf health, production, and profitability under nursery conditions.