Effects of wildfires on soil properties in the PANACOMA buffer zone, Comayagua, Honduras

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of wildfires on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil in the buffer zone of the Montaña de Comayagua National Park (PANACOMA), Honduras. A non-experimental, comparative, and correlational design was employed, involving the analysis of five plots affected by fire and five plots with no recent history of fire. Physical properties (bulk density, true density, and porosity), chemical properties (pH, organic matter, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium), and conditions associated with soil biological activity.

The results revealed differences between soils affected and unaffected by forest fires. The burned plots showed, on average, a slight decrease in bulk density and an increase in porosity, while chemical properties exhibited more pronounced responses, notably temporary increases in pH and basic nutrients associated with ash deposition from recent fires. Similarly, plots affected by more severe fires showed a reduction in organic matter and changes in conditions related to the biological recovery of the soil.

It is concluded that wildfires cause distinct changes in the edaphic properties of the PANACOMA, the extent of which depends on the severity of the fire and the time elapsed since it occurred. These findings highlight the need to strengthen ecological restoration and sustainable management strategies to promote the recovery of soil fertility and resilience.