Psychometric properties of the Abbreviated Scale of Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DASS-21) in adults Salvadorans

Abstract

Emotional symptoms are highly prevalent in El Salvador and validated measures are needed to adequately address them. The aim of this study was to test the psychometric properties of the abbreviated Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) in a sample of Salvadorean adults. The sample comprised 339 Salvadoreans over 18 years old, 62% were women, and 38% men, with a mean age of 34.1 years (DE = 11.8). Data was collected during nation-wide lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Participation was voluntary and anonymous, and entailed answering a three-part online questionnaire: Sociodemographic data, perceptions related to the pandemic, and the DASS-21. The scale and its three dimensions present a high internal consistency (α ≥ .88). Its content validity is assumed; theoretically congruent correlations support concurrent criterion validity. A confirmatory factor analysis supports the expected threefactor structure (construct validity, 63% of variance explained). Therefore, the DASS-21 is a valid and reliable instrument in the Salvadorean context. Availability of an internationally recognized instrument that measures highly prevalent emotional symptoms in the country provides research and diagnosis opportunities for students and professionals focused on the study of mental health issues.