Prevalence of anti-GAD antibodies as biomarkers of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5377/universitas.v16i1.19057Keywords:
anti-GAD, glycosylated hemoglobin, LADA, C-peptide.Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic-degenerative disease. Type 1 diabetes, characterized by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β cells, and type 2 diabetes caused by resistance to the actions of insulin are routinely described. However, LADA diabetes shares immunological and clinical characteristics with both types of diabetes and it is estimated that 2-12% of adults diagnosed with T2DM could be suffering from LADA, leading to early complications due to a wrong diagnosis.In this study, the prevalence of anti-GAD antibodies as biomarkers of LADA and its relationship with the biochemical-clinical profile of 80 patients diagnosed with T2DM were estimated with the aim of characterizing them immunologically and biochemically. Biochemical-clinical parameters such as body mass index (BMI), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and C-peptide were determined and compared according to the presence of antibodies. The female sex (65%) and the 50-59 year old group (38.8%) predominated; with an average HbA1c and C−peptide of 9.88% and 1.69 ng/mL respectively were found. The prevalence of anti-GAD was 5%, predominating in men (75%) and in the 30-39 year old group (75%). Patients positive for anti-GAD debuted early with DM (36.5 vs 47.9 years) (p=0.021), had lower BMI (23.8 vs 29.2) (p=0.006) and C-peptide (0.26 vs 1.38) (p=0.002) and higher HbA1c (13.65 vs 9.15) (p=0.002). The prevalence of anti-GAD antibodies was 5%. The biochemical-clinical profile of positive patients was characterized by an increase in HbA1c, lower C-peptide and BMI.
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