Contaminantes presentes en granos y productos de cacao (THEOBROMA CACAO L.) a nivel mundial, una revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5377/elhigo.v12i2.15209Palabras clave:
Alimento, chocolate, inocuidad, metales pesados, micotoxinas, seguridad alimentarResumen
La Organización Mundial de la Salud [OMS] ha expresado su preocupación por la presencia de contaminantes en granos y productos de cacao, entre los que destacan los metales pesados y las micotoxinas. Debido a sus atributos potencialmente dañinos para la salud humana, se requieren medidas preventivas e intervencionistas apropiadas. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este documento es sintetizar las últimas publicaciones relevantes de los contaminantes presentes en granos y productos de cacao a nivel mundial. Para tal fin, se realizó una revisión sistemática utilizando las bases de datos de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia mediante un análisis bibliométrico con dos componentes de búsqueda en inglés del 2012 al 2022 desglosado en metales pesados y micotoxinas en cacao. Adicionalmente se descargaron y analizaron las ultimas bases de datos (2002 al 2016) de la plataforma colaborativa de inocuidad de los alimentos [FOSCOLLAB] de la OMS. Las principales investigaciones en contaminantes de cacao se presentaron en Brasil con múltiples contribuciones y a nivel mundial destacan manuscritos de cadmio [Cd], plomo [Pb], arsénico [As], aflatoxinas [AFs] y ocratoxina A [OTA]. El análisis de las bases de datos de la OMS permite resaltar que los contaminantes presentes en los productos de cacao son de gran importancia en la calidad y consumo del alimento, se encontró al Cd como uno de los principales contaminantes en el producto y se destaca la presencia de Pb en la región europea, así como un aumento en el consumo del producto para el 2030, lo que genera una brecha importante en la investigación para la reducción de contaminantes en cacao.
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