Efficient use of water in the production of bean seed (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with sprinkler irrigation system

Abstract

The efficient use of water in irrigation systems has a direct effect on the productivity of the water resource and on the favorable expression of the factors that intervene in the production of crops, combined with the conservation of natural resources. The main objective of this research was to determine an irrigation sheet that allows adequate yield and efficient use of water in the production of most use bean seed (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using sprinkler irrigation. This research was carried out in the period from February to April 2019 at the La Compañía Experimental Station of the Instituto Nicaragüense de Tecnología Agropecuaria, located in the municipality of San Marcos, Carazo, Nicaragua (latitude 11° 54'30” N and longitude 86°10'50” W). This area has an average temperature of 24ºC, precipitation between 1,200 and 1,500 mm, average relative humidity of 85% and is located at an altitude of 470 meters above sea level. According to USDA soil taxonomy, the soil is classified as Andisol. Three plots were analyzed according to the Student's t test (paired plots), compared according to the following mathematical relationship: if A = B and B = C then A = C. The evaluated cultivar was INTA Jinotega Precoz. Based upon quantity of water, the used treatments were three irrigation sheets; the first is equal to 489 mm and it is the most used sheet by the experimental station with a duration of two hours of irrigation; the second of 298 mm, defined with the method of humidity levels and with 1.5 hours of application and the third of 464 mm, determined by the intensity of application of the system with 2.5 hours of irrigation. The variables evaluated were yield in kg ha-1 and analysis of water productivity in kg m3. There were no statistical differences in the yield. There was a higher water productivity with the 298 mm sheet, so it is recommended to use it because it allows energy savings, optimizes the use of the irrigation system and greater productivity in the water transformation process in relation to seed yield.