Tree assemblages associated to elevation at El Zapote, watershed, Matagalpa, Nicaragua

Abstract

Understanding the relationship between tree flora and its environment is important as base for any restoration and conservation program. This work aims to determine the tree communities associated with an elevation gradient; select indicator species from each community; and relate the species composition to the forest's conservation status. To achieve the objectives, 32 rectangular plots (20 m x 50 m) were randomly established at the study area, which is represented by a relatively preserved transitional forest in El Zapote micro-watershed, Matagalpa. Within the plot, the abundance and species type of all trees ≥10 cm normal diameter (1.30 m from the ground) were recorded; the elevation (m) for each plot was also obtained. Using multivariate statistics, two tree communities associated with an elevation gradient were elucidated; the Guazuma ulmifolia and Cordia alliodora species are indicators of the community located at an elevation of 717.2±30.0 m; and the species Daphnopsis americana, Stemmadenia donnell-smithii, Guettarda macrosperma, Trichilia trifolia, Pouteria sapota, Brosimum alicastrum, Brunellia mexicana, Inga vera, Stemmadenia pubescens and Lonchocarpus phlebophyllus are indicative of the community located at elevation of 856.3±41. It is probable that native forest remnants are still preserved in the upper part of the micro-watershed.