Association of gynecologic and obstetric risk factors with squamous lesions intraepithelial in patients aged 19 to 45 years

Abstract

Worldwide, cervical cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women, being precursors of squamous intraepithelial lesions. The objective was to determine the association between gynecologic and obstetric risk factors with squamous intraepithelial lesions in patients from 19 to 45 years old, from the Cancer Institute of El Salvador. The methodology is the study
of cases and controls, analytical, with 40 cases and 80 controls; the survey was applied as a technique and a questionnaire as an instrument. The strength of association was measured with the Odd Ratio, with a confidence interval of 95%, admitting a level of statistical significance p<0.05, and X2 as statistical proof. The processing and analysis of the data was carried out in Microsoft Excel and Open Epi. In the results, an association was found between: age 20 to 30 years, with OR: 10.09, p: 0.000004, 95% CI 3.5-28.5, adolescent pregnancy: OR: 6.92, p: 0.000065, 95% CI 2.61-18.3, multiparity: OR:14.04, p:0.00005, 95% CI 3.6-6.22, history of HPV: OR:4.26, p:0.0011, 95% CI 1.8-9.9%, sexual relations in adolescence: OR:4.18, p:0.004, 95 CI % 1.5–11.1, multiple partners: OR:4.66, p:0.00059, 95% CI 1.0-11.0 with squamous intraepithelial lesions, and no association with 5-year oral contraceptive use: OR: 2.42, p:0.09, 95% CI 0.9-6.05, history of cervical cancer, OR:1.13, p:0.94, 95% CI 04-2.6. It is concluded that more than half of the users have gynecologic-obstetric risk factors, but factors such as: age 20 to 30 years old, first pregnancy in adolescence, multiparity, presence of HPV, sexual relations in adolescence, multiple partners, are statistically significant and, oral contraceptive use, family history of cancer cervical cancer, are not statistically significant.