Spotted gum produced in Brazil for structural solid wood: a physical and mechanical characterization
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5377/nrc.v37i01.18321Keywords:
Sawn Wood, Moisture, Density, Mechanical StrengthAbstract
Numerous woods still require a detailed evaluation to understand structural potential. Spotted gum solid wood is among such species in which knowledge of its properties for construction is also required. The present study examined 16 physical-mechanical properties of the spotted gum wood (Corymbia maculata) to promote its use in the production of more sustainable bio-based buildings. Using the Brazilian NBR7190 standard code, two stable levels of moisture content were evaluated to figure out the wood behavior, the first at the 30 % saturation point and the second at the standardized dry point at 12 %. 13 spotted gum trees with different ages were collected from different plantations in Brazil to obtain samples from their trunks. Thus, 1959 determinations were analyzed to evaluate results from t-test at 5 % level of significance. From our significant, statistical, and comparative analyses, it was confirmed that spotted gum is suitable for structural uses, being a potential wood in tropical and subtropical regions of Latin America.
Downloads
204
References
Assareh, M.H., Sedaghati, M., Kiarostami, K., & Zare, A.G. (2010). Seasonal changes of essential oil composition of Eucalyptus maculata Hook. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 25 (4), 582–588.
ABNT (Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas). (1997). NBR 7190 - Projeto de estruturas de madeira. Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Aubréville, A.A., & Bossanyi I. (2015). No to the “Eucalyptus war” in Madagascar. Bois et Fôrets des Tropiques, 323, 51–56.
Bell, S.A.J., & Stables, M. (2012). Floristic variability, distribution and an extension of range for the endangered Pittwater Spotted Gum Forest, Central Coast, New South Wales. Cunninghamia, 12 (2), 143–152.
Brito, J.O., & Barrichelo, L.E.G. (1980). Correlação entre características físicas e químicas da madeira e a produção de carvão: 2. densidade da madeira x densidade do carvão. IPEF, 20, 101–113.
De Araujo, V., Vasconcelos, J., Cortez-Barbosa, J., Morales, E., Christoforo, A., Gava, M., Lahr, F., & Garcia, J. (2020). Wood consumption and fixations of carbon dioxide and carbon from timber housing techniques: A Brazilian panorama. Energy and Buildings, 216, 1–14.
De Araujo, V., Vasconcelos, J., Gava, M., Christoforo, A., Lahr, F., & Garcia, J. (2021). What does Brazil know about the origin and uses of tree species employed in the housing sector? Perspectives on available species, origin and current challenges. International Forestry Review, 23 (3), 392–404.
Devia-Castillo, C.A., Reyes, F., Morales, I., Morris, M., & Pareja, J. (2016). Losas en madera como propuesta de solución al diseño y construcción de pavimentos. Colombia Forestal, 19, 95–109.
Ferreira, M. (1979). Escolha de espécies de eucalipto. IPEF, 47, 1–30.
Flores-Pacheco, J.A., Castro Jo, S.E., Araúz Urbina, J.C., Cash Hodgson, D.A., & Julian, L.K. (2023). Sistemas constructivos, gestión integral de riesgo de desastres y adaptación al cambio climático – comunidad indígena Tiktik Kaanu. Nexo Revista Científica, 36 (4), 458–469.
Foroughbakhch-Pournavab, R., Carrillo-Parra, A., Hernández-Piñero, J.L., & Guzmán-Lucio, M.A. (2017). Growth and yield of an eucalyptus subtropical plantation in a Northeastern Mexico degraded land soil. Madera y Bosques, 23, 71–85.
FAO (Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura). (1981). Eucalypts for planting. Roma, Italia.
Gladstone, W.T., & Thomas Ledig, F. (1990). Reducing pressure on natural forests through high-yield forestry. Forest Ecology and Management, 35 (1), 69–78.
Gonçalves, R.M.G., Luca, E.F., Zanchetta, D., & Fontes, M.A.L. (2010). Fitossociologia do estrato arbóreo e arbustivo em sub-bosque de talhões de Pinus elliottii e Eucalyptus maculata/citriodora na Estação Experimental de Tupi, Piracicaba–SP. Revista do Instituto Florestal, 22, 259–277.
González-Guiñez, R., Silva-Aguayo, G., Urbina-Parra, A., & Gerding-González, M. (2016). Aceite esencial de Eucalyptus globulus Labill y Eucalyptus nitens H. Deane & Maiden (Myrtaceae) para el control de Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky. Chilean Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences, 32 (3), 204–216.
Iwakiri, S., Mendes-Marin, L., Saldanha Karman, L., & dos Santos, J.C. (2004). Utilização da madeira de eucalipto na produção de chapas de partículas orientadas OSB. Cerne, 10 (1), 46–52.
Lahr, F.A.R., Nogueira, M.C.J.A., De Araujo, V.A., Vasconcelos, J.S., & Christoforo, A.L. (2017). Physical-mechanical characterization of Eucalyptus urophylla wood. Engenharia Agrícola, 37 (5), 900–906.
Lahr, F.A.R., Nogueira, M.C.J.A., De Araujo, V.A., Vasconcelos, J.S., & Christoforo, A.L. (2018). Wood utilization of Eucalyptus grandis in structural elements: densities and mechanical properties. Engenharia Agrícola, 38 (5), 642–647.
Lima, F.C.C., Sartori, M.S., Severo, E.T.D., & Calonego, F.W. (2014). Tratamento de seis espécies de Eucalyptus ssp., utilizando Arseniato de Cobre Cromatado (CCA-C) em método industrial com autoclave. Revista Científica de Engenharia Florestal, 23, 71–80.
Lorenzi, H., Souza, H.M., Torres, M.A.V., & Bacher, L.B. (2003). Árvores exóticas no Brasil: madeireiras, ornamentais e aromáticas. Plantarum: Nova Odessa, Brasil. pp.1–368 p.
Martins, M., Silva, J.R.M., Lima, J.T., Gonçalves, M.T.T., & Filipe, A.P. (2013). Simulação em uso dos pisos de madeira de Eucalyptus sp. e Corymbia maculata. Cerne, 19 (1), 151–156.
McMahon, L., George, B., & Hean, R. (2010). Corymbia maculata, Corymbia citriodora subsp variegata and Corymbia henryi. Primefacts for Profitable, Adaptive and Sustainable Primary Products, 1073, 1–7.
Muñoz-Zamponi, T.B., & Mardones-Poblete, C.A. (2016). Simulación de un impuesto al CO2 e para mitigar los impactos del sector agropecuario chileno sobre el cambio climático. Agrociencia, 50, 271–285.
Nogueira, M.C.J.A., Almeida, D.H., De Araujo, V.A., Vasconcelos, J.S., Christoforo, A.L., Almeida, T.H., & Lahr, F.A.R. (2019a). Physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus saligna wood for timber structures. Ambiente Construído, 19 (2), 233–239.
Nogueira, M.C.J.A., De Araujo, V.A., Vasconcelos, J.S., Prataviera, F., Vasconcelos, J.C.S., Cruz, J.N., Christoforo, A.L., & Lahr, F.A.R. (2019b). Propriedades físico-mecânicas da madeira de Eucalyptus alba para construção civil. Ciência da Madeira, 10 (1), 71–77.
Nogueira, M.C.J.A., De Araujo, V.A., Vasconcelos, J.S., Christoforo, A.L., & Lahr, F.A.R. (2020a). Evaluation of Eucalyptus triantha timber for structural applications. Silva Lusitana, 28 (1), 1–13.
Nogueira, M.C.J.A., De Araujo, V.A., Vasconcelos, J.S., Christoforo, A.L., & Lahr, F.A.R. (2020b). Sixteen properties of Eucalyptus tereticornis wood for structural uses. Bioscience Journal 36 (2), 449–457.
Nogueira, M.C.J.A., Vasconcelos, J.S., De Araujo, V.A., Christoforo, A.L., & Lahr, F.A.R. (2020c). Evaluation of Eucalyptus microcorys wood properties. Advances in Forestry Sciences, 7 (4), 1197–1202.
Nogueira, M.C.J.A., Almeida, D.H., Vasconcelos, J.S., Almeida, T.H., De Araujo, V.A., Christoforo, A.L., Almeida, T.H., & Lahr, F.A.R. (2018a). Properties of Eucalyptus umbra wood for timber structures. International Journal of Materials Engineering, 8 (1), 12–15.
Nogueira, M.C.J.A., De Araujo, V.A., Vasconcelos, J.S., Gutiérrez-Aguilar, C.M., Cruz, J.N., Vasconcelos, J.C.S., Prataviera, F., Christoforo, A.L., & Lahr, F.A.R. (2018b). Caracterización físico-mecánica de la madera de Eucalyptus camaldulensis para uso estructural proveniente de Restinga, Brasil. Revista Forestal del Perú 33 (1), 52–62.
Nogueira, M.C.J.A., De Araujo, V.A., Vasconcelos, J.S., Cruz, J.N., Vasconcelos, J.C.S., Prataviera, F., Christoforo, A.L., & Lahr, F.A.R. (2018c). Characterization of Eucalyptus maidenii timber for structural application: physical and mechanical properties at two moisture conditions. South-east European Forestry, 9 (2), 141–146.
Paes, J.B. (2002). Resistência natural da madeira de Corymbia maculata (Hook.) K. D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson a fungos e cupins xilófagos, em condições de laboratório. Árvore, 26 (6), 761–767.
Rashwan, O.A. (2002). New phenylpropanoid glucosides from Eucalyptus maculata. Molecules, 7 (1), 75–80.
Silva, C.J., Vale, A.T., & Miguel, E.P. (2015). Densidade básica da madeira de espécies arbóreas do Cerradão no Estado do Tocantins. Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira, 35 (82), 63–75.
Tapia-Tapia, E.C., & Reyes-Chilpa, R. (2008). Productos forestales no maderables en México: Aspectos económicos para el desarrollo sustentable. Madera y Bosques, 14, 95–112.
Wallis, N.K. (1970). Australian timber handbook (Third edition). Angus & Robertson LTD: Sydney, Australia. pp.1–407.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The authors who publish in Nexo Scientific Journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of the first publication under the license Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows others to share the work with a recognition of the authorship of the work and the initial publication in Nexo Scientific Journal.
- Authors may separately establish additional agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (for example, in an institutional repository or a book), with the recognition of the initial publication in Nexo Scientific Journal.
- Authors are allowed and encouraged to disseminate their works electronically (for example, in institutional repositories or in their own website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published works.
