Response of twenty coffee varieties (Coffea spp.) to reproduction via somatic embryogenesis

Abstract

Coffee (Coffea spp.) exhibits diverse responses under in vitro conditions, particularly when established via somatic embryogenesis, with variations depending on the genotype. This study evaluated 20 coffee varieties from the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock’s variety garden in El Salvador. Leaf lamina fragments were cultured on MS medium (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) supplemented with 30 g L-1 sucrose, 1 mg L-1 BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine), and varying concentrations of 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). Among the treatments, T1 yielded better results for callus induction. Subsequently, callus from both treatments was evaluated for its ability to generate embryos using MS medium enriched with 50 mg L-1 L-cysteine, 0.1 mg L-1 kinetin, and 0.5 mg L-1 IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid). Seven varieties produced somatic embryos, with Liberica abenountae showing significant results. Bourbon had the highest somatic embryo regeneration.