Violence in countries of the Northern Triangle of Central America (TNCA). Retrospective analysis, 1999-2015

Abstract

This article tries to the violence of the TNCA (Northern Triangle of Central America), with the highest rates of intentional homicides on the planet, being in 2015, El Salvador (83.5), Honduras (57), Guatemala (34.9), in its order affected by high rates of violence. In all three cases, the figures exceed the world average of 6.2 per 100 thousand inhabitants, as stipulated by the World Health Organization. Meanwhile the UN defines the region as the most deadly in the world, where one of every 50 men die murdered before the age of 31. Triangle North of Central America (TNCA) - Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador - has a population of about 31 million inhabitants and 242.4 thousand square kilometers, leads the levels of migration and crime in the region, the high homicide rates, only compared with areas in war as Syria and Afghanistan, countries that are above the threshold of 10 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants situation that the World Health Organization (who) considers as an epidemic problem. The methodology used is a descriptive, transversal, comparative analysis during the years 1999-2015. In the period 1999-2015 at the TNCA countries died of violent homicide a total of 217,333 people. Comparing data between northern triangle countries, during the past 17 years, took into account the intentional homicides reported by various government agencies in each country. The source of data consulted was: was (Guatemala), COEPOL (Honduras), IML (El Salvador). The situation of violence in the region has been classified as a multicausal phenomenon, attributed the increasing violence to the influence of drug trafficking, high levels of corruption, violence, efficient organization of criminal groups, factors contributing to the increase and deepening of crime and organized crime, which are reflected in military structures, political structures and social structures. The maras and gangs are a contributing factor to the increase in violence to the service to the trafficking of drugs and people who hire their services as hired killers, distribution and sale of drugs, which has led to the increase of local consumption and the social conflicts in the three countries.