Congenital malformations in newborns hospitalized in the neonatology ward of the National Hospital Mario Catarino Rivas, 2019

Abstract

Introduction: The congenital malformations are a public health problem that affects society and families. Certain causes of congenital malformations have been identified, among them are environmental, genetic; and, multifactorial causes. It is estimated that 10% is due to environmental causes, 25% to genetic causes and 65% have a multifactorial origin. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that every year 303,000 newborns die during the first weeks of life, secondary to congenital malformations. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and maternal history of newborn with congenital malformations hospitalized in the neonatal Ward at the Hospital Nacional “Mario Catarino Rivas” from January to December 2019. Patients and Methods: Descriptive, quantitative observational cross-sectional study with prospective recruitment of pediatric patients. Congenital malformations were studied in newborns hospitalized in the neonatal ward. Descriptive statistics
were used for the presentation of results, comparison tables were used in the statistical program IBM SPSS version number 25. Results: The mean maternal age of newborns with congenital malformations was 25.3 + - 7.4, with a male predominance of 64.2%. The circulatory system presented the highest number of congenital malformations with 22.2%, being the patent foramen ovale the most frequent in this system with 9.4%. The most frequent congenital malformation was myelomengocele with 10.4%. Conclusion: The prevalence of congenital malformations was 4.3%, this being similar to the range reported in the international literature. The circulatory system had the hisghest prevalence and the patent foramen ovale the most frequent congenital malformation of this system. Myelomeningocele as the most frequent congenital malformation in our population.