Deficiency states and their impact on the Central Nervous System

Abstract

There are enough references in the literature regarding the importance of good nutrition during the last months of pregnancy and the first 2 years of life, because in this stage is carried out multiplication and neuronal migration. Later, the cells need to mature and make connections. If there is lack of nutrients, communication is not given, the bond between them, nor the myelination process, which allows the transmission of nerve impulses. The different manifestations of inadequate nutrition are analyzed as described in a number of neurodevelopmental disorders where protein-calorie malnutrition is present; from anatomical, functional changes and neuroimaging findings. Such alterations ranging from psychomotor retardation, language disorders, learning, and have been linked to brain atrophy. It has been shown that proper nutrition before two years can significantly decrease these demonstrations. This knowledge will allow us to recognize and monitor comprehensive neurodevelopment in childhood, which is essential for human development and building human and social capital.