Efficacy of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of COVID-19

Abstract

Introduction. Despite the high morbidity of coronavirus disease, there is still no effective treatment to address it.
Objective. Establish the effectiveness of pharmacological interventions in the treatment of adults diagnosed with coronavirus disease at any stage.
Methods. An exploratory review examined publications up to January 21, 2021 identified by a search on MEDLINE, Cochrane, medRxiv, New England Journal via PubMed. Viral activity reducing drugs, corticosteroids, immunerelated therapy were analyzed to evaluate the outcomes of survival, mechanical ventilation, hospital stay and safety after application of the drugs in patients in mild, moderate and/or severe phase of the disease. Controlled and randomized clinical trials were prioritized, the risk of which was determined by the Newcastle-Ottawa tools and A measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2.
Results. It was found that interferón-α2b decreases the duration of virus elimination and inflammatory markers. In autoimmune therapy, tocilizumab showed little efficacy when administered uniquely, however when combined with dexamethasone enhances its effect.
Conclusion. One year after the coronavirus-19 pandemic, there is no conclusive evidence of its therapy. To date, some efficacy of inhaled Interferon-α2b, as well as tocilizumab and dexamethasone in single or combined administration, have been proven.