Immune modulation in allergic diseases associated with the use of Bifidobacterium in children under 5 years of age

Abstract

The incidence of allergic diseases in childhood is increasing and has become one of the main reasons for consultations. One possible cause is dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, related to increased inflammatory states. Due to the need to improve quality of life, and the impact on economic and educational aspects, probiotics have emerged as an adjuvant treatment, hence the aim is to identify the association between the use of Bifidobacterium in children under 5 years old age with the modulation of the immune response in allergic diseases. The intestinal microbiome begins its development and maturation from gestation, continues at birth and ends at 3 years of age, influenced by maternal, neonatal and environmental factors. The intestinal dysbiosis generated by these factors reduces the proportion of bifidobacteria, which is related to pro-inflammatory states. Consequently, studies on the use of Bifidobacterium in children with allergic diseases have shown improvement of symptoms and quality of life. Probiotics favor a healthy intestinal microbiome, associated with an anti-inflammatory state, due to the regulation of the Th1 / Th2 / T regulatory, cell balance and natural killer cells. This modulation in the immune response allows better symptoms control, quality of life and a lower incidence of allergic diseases in childhood.