Lifestyle factors with immunomodulatory effect against respiratory viral infections in adults

Abstract

The role of lifestyles on the immune system is currently being studied. Respiratory viral infections are a cause of morbidity and mortality in adults, and can cause serious conditions. A balanced diet, consumption of micronutrients and exercise have possible benefits in the evolution of these infections. A narrative review was carried out using bibliographic reviews and original articles obtained in PubMed, SciELO, HINARI and Elsevier. Studies describe that the consumption of vitamin supplements modulates the susceptibility to pathogens due to their antioxidant activity and allows the proper functioning of innate and adaptive immunity. Along with this, lipids and carbohydrates in the diet are basic elements of the immune system cells and, accompanied with 45 minutes of moderate exercise, improve the immune response and reduce the risk of respiratory viral infections. The consumption of micronutrients, moderate intensity aerobic exercise and a balanced diet, are factors that decrease the duration of symptoms due to acute respiratory viral infections in adults. However, the exact mechanism of action of exercise on the immune system is still unknown since.