Diagnostic validity of the GeneXpert for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis and resistance test to rifampicin

Diagnostic contribution of the gene Xpert MTB/RIF in sample for fibrobroncoscopy

Abstract

Introduction. The early diagnosis of tuberculosis allows the control of the disease and its transmissibility. Objective. Describe the diagnostic validity of GeneXpert MTB / RIF for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in bronchial sample using the Löwenstein Jensen culture as reference.
Methodology. Analytical cross-sectional study, through a review of 942 records of the Bronchoscopy Unit during the year 2014 to 2018, of which 320 met inclusion criteria. These data were exported to a format compatible with Epi Info version 7, analyzed with statistical parameters of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, concordance test, and Kappa Epidat index 4, 2.
Results. Of the 320 patients who underwent diagnostic bronchoscopy for tuberculosis with GeneXpert MTB / RIF, the negative results were 79 % (252), and positive 21 % (68), 1 % showed genetic resistance to rifampicin. A strong concordance of GeneXpert MTB / RIF was reported with the acid-alcohol-resistant bacillus culture determined with a kappa index of 0,88 +/- (0,81-0,94) 95 % CI, a sensitivity of 98 %, specificity 96 %, positive predictive value 83 % (95 % CI), negative predictive value 99,6 % (95 % CI).
Conclusions. The GeneXpert MTB / RIF Test has a highly sensitive and specific capacity for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in samples obtained by bronchoscopy.