Therapeutic applications of Cannabis sativa in neuropathies: Systematic review in Latin America

Abstract

This article presents a systematic literature review on the therapeutic applications of Cannabis sativa in the treatment of neuropathic pain in Latin America, with a focus on diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia. Cannabinoids, particularly tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), act on the endocannabinoid system by modulating inflammatory and nociceptive processes, granting them significant analgesic properties. Several studies report that these compounds substantially reduce pain, especially in patients with conditions resistant to conventional treatments. However, the effects vary depending on dosage and route of administration, highlighting the need for a standardized approach to optimize therapeutic use.

Despite their benefits, the use of C. sativa is also associated with adverse effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, cognitive impairments, and loss of motor coordination, particularly at high doses. These side effects may intensify with prolonged use and pose risks for patients with preexisting conditions. Therefore, proper dose adjustment and careful patient monitoring are essential to prevent serious complications such as excessive sedation and ataxia.

Regarding regulation in the region, countries face significant challenges due to legal, cultural, and social disparities. Uruguay has adopted a comprehensive regulatory model, while other countries, such as Colombia and Mexico, continue to face difficulties related to the legality of consumption, production, and issues linked to drug trafficking. The lack of consensus on home cultivation, commercial distribution, and medical use creates legal gaps that hinder the effective implementation of public policies. The study’s methodology followed the PRISMA model with a deductive approach.

In conclusion, although C. sativa shows great therapeutic potential for treating neuropathic pain, its use in Latin America remains limited by a lack of standardized clinical studies and regulatory barriers. Further research is necessary to determine optimal dosages and to establish clear guidelines for its use, allowing for its safe integration into conventional medical practice.