Dermatopolymyositis in adolescent patient. Case report

Abstract

Dermatopolimiositis (MPD) belongs to idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (MII), a heterogeneous group of chronic systemic autoimmune myopathies associated with high morbidity and functional disability. It includes those entities of an acquired nature that present with muscular weakness and characteristically present an inflammatory infiltrate and cell necrosis in the striated muscular tissue. It is a rare disease, with an overall incidence of 2-10 cases per million inhabitants / year. We present the case of a 14-year-old male adolescent with a history of dermatomyositis, which presents progressive proximal muscle weakness, accompanied by intense and disabling myalgias, presence of heliotrope erythema and Gottron papules. Laboratorial studies that showed anemia, enzymatic alterations, altered acute phase reactants, electromyographic study that showed the presence of reactive polymyositis, and muscle tissue biopsy that reported changes compatible with MPD. The diagnosis of inflammatory myopathies is suspected on the basis of a set of signs and symptoms and is confirmed by complementary studies, including: elevation of muscle enzymes, presence of myositis-specific autoantibodies, electromyography with myopathic pattern, specific findings in the biopsy. The PDM in children has a different clinical behavior than the adult due to the presence of vasculitis, there are several disorders that can confuse this entity and delay its diagnosis and treatment, therefore, it is very important to know this disease in the pediatric age and establish comparisons with what is reported in world literature.