Characteristics of the avocado (Persea americana) in the high mountain zone Veracruz, Mexico

Abstract

Mexico is one of the leading countries in avocado production worldwide and the most planted variety in Mexico is Hass. The state of Michoacán is the main avocado producer with 80% out of the total, followed by other states such as Jalisco and state of Mexico. In Veracruz there is an area planted in the central part of the state that needs to be characterized. The objective of this study was to typify the avocado producing zone in the high mountain zone of Veracruz, Mexico. The avocado producing area in the high mountains region, Veracruz is made up of the municipalities of Alpatlahua, Calcahualco, Coscomatepex and Ixhuatlan del café. A survey was applied to producers using a semi-structured questionnaire with open and closed questions. The information analysis was carried out systematically with descriptive and multivariate analysis of components and correspondence, in addition to parametric and non-parametric analysis of the data for some variables. The results obtained showed groups of small producers, composed of 80% men. Most producers are literated, and they devoted themselves to activities other than avocado cropping. The avocado producer has a tacit knowledge of the crop management from the plantation stage to the tree production. Producers have experience in management of other crops because they have the purpose of obtaining additional income from other activities.