Socioeconomic and phytosanitary analysis of green pepper production farms (Capsicum annuum L.) in Tisma, Masaya, 2019

Abstract

In Nicaragua the production of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is in the hands of small and medium farmers mainly in the north of the country, for the 2017-2018 cycle the Central Bank reported that 562 ha-1 were established in Nicaragua, with a production of 18,182 tons and yields of 32.3 t ha-1. In Tisma, no study has been previously conducted on the socioeconomic and phytosanitary conditions in which the sweet pepper production systems are found. The objective of this research was to characterize systems of this vegetable from the socioeconomic and phytosanitary point of view, through the application of a survey to producers. Based on the information collected, the registry of 20 production systems of this bell pepper was interpreted. The results showed that the majority of chiltoma producers are male, aged between 30 and 74 years, most are in the hands of their own owners and some are rented. The main insect and mite pests present are mites and whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), the most common disease is virosis, followed by Phytophthora wilt, and the most reported weeds are coyolillo (Cyperus rotundus L.) and bledo (Amaranthus spinosus L.). Insects are mostly managed using synthetic chemical insecticides. Soil, foliage and fruit diseases are managed entirely with synthetic chemicals. Weeds are mostly managed by cultural practices such as machete and hoeing