Women traders and politics
Social reconstruction of Bluefields market
Keywords:
Ethnology, Market, Trade, Women and developmentAbstract
In the last five years, Bluefields has experienced a rapid growth in commercial activity, to the extent that it seems as if the market has suddenly swallowed the city. Commercial activity, spread throughout the city, is devouring large urban sectors, both public and domestic. This situation is interpreted regionally as one of the clearest signs that Nicaragua has succumbed to and is living under the ideology of free trade. But it is a “conjunctural market”, which is signified above all by the unexpected appearance of hundreds of women merchants in its scenarios, giving rise not only to a close fight to occupy new spaces for marketing, but also to the confrontation between diverse ideological representations, social practices and commercial styles, in which the modifications to the rules and customs of the commercial game that had been observed locally are discussed and updated. Moreover, this phenomenon appears to be interwoven with complicated legal-political relations that merchants develop in their dealings with local and national authorities, with other merchants and with consumers.
Downloads
27
References
Adam, L. (1891). Langue Moskito: Grammaire, vocabulaire, textes. J. Maisonneuve. (Reimpreso en 1968 por Kraus Reprint, Nendeln, Liechtenstein).
Arguedas Cortez, G. (1986). Morfología flexiva del Miskito [Tesis de licenciatura, Universidad de Costa Rica].
Avilés, A., Hale, K., & Salamanca, D. (1987). Insubordinate complements in Miskito [Manuscrito]. MIT.
Berckenhagen, C. (1894). Grammar of the Miskito Language with Exercises and Vocabulary. G. Winter.
Berckenhagen, C. (1906). Pocket Dictionary: Miskito-English-Spanish and English-Miskito-Spanish. Times Publishing Company.
Campbell, L. (1979). Middle American Languages. En L. Campbell & M. Mithun (Eds.), The Languages of Native America: Historical and Comparative Assessment (pp. xxx-xxx). University of Texas Press.
Chomsky, N. (1988). Language and Problems of Knowledge: The Managua Lectures. MIT Press.
CIDCA. (1985). Miskitu Bila Aisanka – Gramática Miskita. CIDCA.
CIDCA. (1986). Diccionario elemental Miskito-Español / Español-Miskito.
Constenla Umaña, A. (1987). Elementos de fonología comparada de las lenguas Misumalpa. Revista de Filología y Lingüística, 13(1), 129–162.
Conzemius, E. (1929). Notes on the Miskito and Sumu languages of Eastern Nicaragua and Honduras. International Journal of American Linguistics, 5, 57–115.
Conzemius, E. (1932). Ethnographical Survey of the Miskito and Sumo Indians of Honduras and Nicaragua. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology.
Exquemelin, A. (1678). The History of the Bucaniers. London.
Fellechner, A., Müller, Dr., & Hesse, C. L. C. (1845). Bericht über die im höchsten Auftrage... Untersuchung einiger Teile des Moskito Landes. Berlin.
Gurdián, G., & Salamanca, D. (1991). Autonomía y educación bilingüe en Nicaragua. WANI, (10).
Hale, K. (1991). El Ulwa: ¿Un idioma distinto? WANI, (11).
Hale, K., & Salamanca, D. (1988). La naturaleza del Miskito y cuáles son las principales dificultades en aprenderlo. WANI, (6), 64.
Heath, G. R. (1913). Notes on Miskito grammar and other Indian languages of Eastern Nicaragua. American Anthropologist, 15, 48–62.
Heath, G. R. (s.f.). Outlines of Sumu Grammar [Manuscrito].
Heath, G. R. (1927). Grammar of the Miskito Language. F. Lindenbein.
Heath, G. R. (1950). Miskito glossary, with ethnographic commentary. International Journal of American Linguistics, 16.
Heath, G. R., & Marx, W. G. (1961). Diccionario Miskito-Español, Español-Miskito (3.ª ed., 1983). Winston-Salem: Hunter Publishing Co.
Helms, M. W. (1971). Asang: Adaptations to Culture Contact in a Miskito Community. University of Florida Press.
Henderson, A. (1846). A Grammar of the Moskito Language. John Gray.
Kiparsky, P. (1982). Lexical Phonology. En H. van der Hulst & N. Smith (Eds.), The Structure of Phonological Representations (Vols. 1–2). Foris.
Lehmann, W. (1910). Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise in Mittelamerika und Mexiko 1907–1909. Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 1910(5), 687–749.
Lehmann, W. (1920). Zentral-Amerika, Teil I & II. Verlag Dietrich Reimer.
Meschkat, K., von Oertzen, E., Richter, E., Rossbach, L., & Wunderlich, V. (Eds.). (1987). Mosquitia: Die andere Hälfte Nicaraguas. Junius.
Mohanan, K. P. (1982). Lexical Phonology [Tesis doctoral, Massachusetts Institute of Technology].
Rossbach, L. (1987). Die armen wilden Indianer mit dem Evangelium bekannt machen. En Meschkat et al. (Eds.), Mosquitia.
Salamanca, D. (1988). Elementos de gramática del miskito [Tesis doctoral, MIT].
Salamanca, D. (1991). Las lenguas de la costa: su estudio y documentación. WANI, (10).
Vaughan, A. J. (1962). Diccionario trilingüe: Miskito-Español-Inglés. Talleres Nacionales.
Wilson, J. (1990). Obra Morava en Nicaragua: Trasfondo y Breve Historia. Editorial Unión.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Bluefields Indian and Caribbean University
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
