Aplicación de modelos hidrológicos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5377/elhigo.v12i2.15228Palabras clave:
Modelo hidrológico, VIC, SWAT, VELMA, WEAPResumen
Los modelos hidrológicos son herramientas esenciales para la planificación y gestión de los recursos hídricos y del medio ambiente. En las últimas décadas se han desarrollado diversos modelos hidrológicos, cada uno con características y parámetros específicos, con el objetivo de representar mejor la microfísica del ciclo hidrológico, aunque, algunos investigadores han encontrado que incluso el uso de técnicas complejas de modelamiento no garantiza una mejor evaluación, debido a la heterogeneidad del suelo y al cambio climático que desempeña un papel determinante en el comportamiento del régimen hidrológico. En este artículo, se presenta un breve resumen de once distintos modelos hidrológicos, ocho de libre acceso. Los modelos incluidos corresponden al modelo de capacidad de infiltración variable (VIC), TOPMODEL, HBV, MIKE SHE, herramienta de evaluación de suelos y aguas (SWAT), HSPF, VELMA, PIHM, KINEROS, WEAP y HEC-HMS. Considerando aspectos como la región de aplicación, escala espacial, datos de entrada y si la interfaz es amigable e intuitiva, se concluye que el modelo SWAT seguido de los modelos HEC-HMS y WEAP son los más versátiles y adecuados para ser aplicados en regiones como Nicaragua. Este estudio proporciona una guía a los modeladores para identificar el tipo de modelo hidrológico que podrían aplicar en una cuenca específica para resolver un problema determinado, así mismo, les permitirá determinar la viabilidad de uno con respecto al otro según la disponibilidad de datos de entrada que se requieran y los recursos disponibles tanto informáticos como financieros.
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