Error and accuracy of manual measurement in heritage documentation process
Keywords:
accuracy, architectural-heritage, documentation, error-estimation, manual-measurement, point-cloud, Terrestrial-Laser-ScanningAbstract
This article aimed to determine the extent to which measurements obtained using the traditional manual method —with the use of a tape measure— vary in relation to LiDAR measurements acquired with a terrestrial laser scanner in architectural spaces and their furnishings. These dimensions were evaluated based on measurements obtained through Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS). Manual surveying is more economical, requiring only a measuring tape. On the other hand, the LiDAR sensor of a TLS performs measurements based on Time of Flight (ToF), estimating dimensions according to the time it takes for the light beam to travel from the sensor to an opaque reflective surface and back. This system is calibrated and directly uses the current meter standard. As a case study, an interior space used as a reading room was captured. Error estimation was conducted by comparing 307 measurements obtained using the traditional manual tape-measure method with measurements derived from the dense point cloud captured by LiDAR. The results showed an average relative error of 3.895%. The root mean square error obtained was RMSE (0.062684 m). The high level of accuracy achieved in the measurements is useful for research aimed at identifying deformations, tilting, and existing damage in historic buildings. The significance of this research lies in providing parametric indicators associated with measurement accuracy for decision-makers determining the type of measurement required according to documentation or intervention needs.
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