Status epilepticus: Innovations for this constant neurological challenge

Abstract

Introduction: Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency with great impact on morbidity and mortality of neurological patients. Methods: Literature review was carried out using as keywords for PUBMED and EMBASE: "status epilepticus", combining the terms "treatment", "etiology", "prognosis", classification". Emphasis was placed on publications on advances in the subject. Results: Knowledge and concepts related to diagnosis and mechanisms of SE have evolved, treatment guidelines indicate intensive treatment more quickly. Most causes are known, but the advances in treatment are modest, and the prognosis is still complex and includes high mortality. The treatment for SE is time-dependent due to its pathophysiology, but the insufficient preparation of personnel treating the cases and the limitations in access to drugs worsens the prognosis. Conclusion: Although research must continue to better understand the mechanisms of SE to find new treatments, proper diagnosis, prompt treatment and prevention when possible, remain as key strategies to improve the prognosis of patients with SE.